What is thermocouples and how it works?

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A thermocouple is a device that is used to measure temperature. It is made up of two different metal wires, joined together to form a junction. When this junction gets hot or cold, a small amount of voltage is generated in between two junctions of two transistors, depending upon the material and the amount of voltage and we can measure the temperature very accurately. 


In theory, a thermocouple can be made up of any two different materials, but to improve linearity, accuracy, and temperature response specific materials are used to make the thermocouples. For example, the thermocouple made up of copper/constantan is known as the Type T thermocouple, the thermocouples made up of iron/constantan is known as the Type J thermocouple, and then finally the most popular K Type thermocouple is made up of combining alumel and chromel. When more than one thermocouples constructed from the same materials are combined they are called a thermopile. Constantan is a proprietary name for a copper-nickel alloy also known as Eureka. Thermocouples can be made and adjusted for many different applications. They can be made to increase life, fast responding or it can be made to measure a very wide temperature range.

Basic Working Principle of Thermocouple

A thermocouple works based upon the principle of the Seebeck effect. As Thomas Seebeck first discovered this effect this is known as the Seebeck effect. But for the sake of this article, we will not go into further detail about the Seebeck effect. If you want to learn more you can check it out by all means, but basically what it says, if you got a piece of wire and you got temperature differential in between two junctions a small amount of current will flow through and you will get a voltage difference, the image below shows exactly that. 


To know, how many different types of thermocouples are, you can visit here

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